# Natural Science Expert

https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/science-technology-c2-biology-vocab

- CEFR: C2 (Proficient)
- Theme: Science & Technology
- Words: 25
- Premium: no
- Locked: no

Natural science vocabulary such as genome, enzyme and pathogen, plus isotope, combustion and thermodynamics. Words spanning biology and chemistry at an expert…

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## Word list

* **genome** /ˈdʒiˌnoʊm/: The complete set of genetic instructions carried by one living thing. — “Scientists finished mapping the **genome** of the coral last spring.”
* **dormant** /ˈdɔrmənt/: Alive but completely inactive for a period, ready to start growing again when conditions improve. — “The seeds stay **dormant** until the first warm rain arrives.”
* **chromosome** /ˈkroʊməˌsoʊm/: A thread-like structure inside a cell that carries genetic information. — “Humans normally have forty-six **chromosome**s in each cell.”
* **enzyme** /ˈɛnˌzaɪm/: A substance made by living cells that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being changed itself. — “An **enzyme** in your saliva starts breaking down food as you chew.”
* **hormone** /ˈhɔrˌmoʊn/: A chemical made by the body that travels in the blood and controls how organs work. — “Adrenaline is a **hormone** released when you feel frightened.”
* **pathogen** /ˈpæθədʒən/: A tiny living thing, such as a bacterium or virus, that causes disease. — “Hand washing helps stop a **pathogen** from spreading.”
* **biodiversity** /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsəti/: The wide variety of plants, animals, and other living things found in a particular place. — “The rainforest has an incredible level of **biodiversity**.”
* **antibody** /ˈæntɪˌbɑdi/: A protein made by the body to fight a particular disease or infection. — “The immune system quickly made an **antibody** against the virus.”
* **immunity** /ˌɪˈmjunəti/: The body's ability to resist a particular disease or infection, usually gained after infection or vaccination. — “The vaccine gives strong **immunity** against the disease.”
* **cytoplasm** /ˈsaɪtəˌplæzəm/: The jelly-like substance inside a cell, surrounding the nucleus, where most of the cell's activities happen. — “Under the microscope, the **cytoplasm** looked like a thick, clear gel.”
* **inert** /ˌɪˈnɜrt/: Chemically inactive, refusing to react even when mixed with other substances. — “They fill the packaging with an **inert** gas to prevent spoiling.”
* **volatile** /ˈvɑlətəl/: Turning from liquid into gas very easily, even at normal room temperature. — “Store the **volatile** solvent in a sealed bottle, away from heat.”
* **covalent** /koʊˈvɑlənt/: Describes a chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons. — “Water molecules are held together by a **covalent** bond.”
* **ionic** /ˌaɪˈɑnɪk/: Describes a chemical bond formed when one atom transfers an electron to another, creating charged particles. — “Table salt is held together by an **ionic** bond.”
* **isotope** /ˈaɪsəˌtoʊp/: One of two or more forms of the same chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons. — “Carbon-14 is a radioactive **isotope** used to date old objects.”
* **exothermic** /ˌɛksoʊˈθɜrmɪk/: Describes a chemical reaction that releases heat into its surroundings. — “Burning fuel is an **exothermic** reaction that gives off heat.”
* **endothermic** /ˌɛndoʊˈθɜrmɪk/: Describes a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings. — “Some cold packs use an **endothermic** reaction to feel cold.”
* **polymer** /ˈpɑləmər/: A large chemical substance made of many small, repeated molecules joined together, such as plastic. — “Plastic bottles are made from a common **polymer**.”
* **catalytic** /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk/: Relating to something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself. — “A **catalytic** converter reduces harmful gases from a car's exhaust.”
* **combustion** /kəmˈbʌstʃən/: The chemical process of burning, which produces heat and light. — “The engine works by the **combustion** of fuel and air.”
* **kinetic** /kəˈnɛtɪk/: Belonging to movement; describing the energy something has purely because it is moving. — “The **kinetic** energy of the falling weight drives the wheel.”
* **dissipate** /ˈdɪsəˌpeɪt/: To spread out and slowly fade away until nothing is left of it. — “The heat **dissipates** quickly once you switch the engine off.”
* **potential energy**: Stored energy that an object has because of its position or condition, ready to be released. — “A stretched spring holds **potential energy** until it is released.”
* **thermodynamics** /ˌθɜrmoʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪks/: The branch of science that studies heat, energy, and how they move and change. — “The laws of **thermodynamics** explain why heat always flows from hot to cold.”
* **entropy** /ˈɛntrəpi/: A measure of disorder in a system, which tends to increase naturally over time. — “Physicists describe the universe's slow decay in terms of rising **entropy**.”

## Related

- Vocabulary library: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary
- Section guide: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/llms.txt