# Healthcare Expert

https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/professional-specialized-c2-medicine-and-healthcare-vocab

- CEFR: C2 (Proficient)
- Theme: Professional & Specialized
- Words: 22
- Premium: no
- Locked: no

Expert healthcare vocabulary for research and patient safety, including malpractice, a nosocomial infection, the mortality rate in a cohort study and herd…

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## Word list

* **malpractice** /mælˈpræktəs/: Careless or improper treatment by a medical professional that causes harm to a patient. — “The family sued the hospital for **malpractice**.”
* **vector-borne**: Describes a disease spread to humans through a carrier, such as a mosquito or tick. — “Malaria is a **vector-borne** disease common in tropical regions.”
* **nosocomial**: Describes an infection caught while a patient is being treated in hospital. — “Strict hygiene rules reduce **nosocomial** infections.”
* **adverse event**: An unexpected and harmful reaction caused by a medical treatment or drug. — “The trial was paused after a serious **adverse event**.”
* **informed refusal**: A patient's documented decision to decline a recommended treatment after understanding the risks. — “He signed an **informed refusal** after rejecting the surgery.”
* **cohort study**: Medical research that follows a group of people over time to see how a disease or outcome develops. — “The **cohort study** tracked ten thousand patients for a decade.”
* **mortality rate**: The number of deaths from a disease or in a population within a given time. — “The new treatment lowered the **mortality rate** significantly.”
* **sequela**: A health condition that results from an earlier disease or injury. — “Chronic fatigue was a lasting **sequela** of the infection.”
* **prodrome**: Early symptoms that appear before the main signs of an illness develop. — “A slight headache was the **prodrome** before her migraine began.”
* **case fatality rate**: The percentage of people with a certain disease who die from it. — “The new strain had a lower **case fatality rate** than the original virus.”
* **number needed to treat**: How many patients must be treated for one to benefit. — “A **number needed to treat** of ninety changes the conversation entirely.”
* **confounding** /kənˈfaʊndɪŋ/: A hidden factor that distorts an apparent relationship. — “**Confounding** by age explained the whole effect.”
* **intention to treat**: Analysing trial results by original group, whatever happened after. — “**Intention to treat** analysis is less flattering and more honest.”
* **number of adverse events**: How many harmful incidents were recorded in a study or service. — “The **number of adverse events** was buried in an appendix.”
* **shared decision making**: Choosing treatment together with the patient rather than for them. — “**Shared decision making** takes longer and produces fewer complaints.”
* **clinical equipoise**: Genuine uncertainty about which treatment is better. — “**Clinical equipoise** is what makes a randomised trial ethical.”
* **herd immunity**: Protection of a whole population once enough people are immune. — “**Herd immunity** thresholds depend on how infectious the disease is.”
* **attributable risk**: The share of cases that can be blamed on one exposure. — “The **attributable risk** for that exposure was under two per cent.”
* **never event**: A serious mistake that should be entirely preventable. — “One **never event** triggers an inquiry whatever the outcome.”
* **safeguarding referral**: A formal report that someone may be at risk of harm. — “The **safeguarding referral** was made and then lost between two systems.”
* **polypharmacy review**: A check on whether a patient is taking too many medicines. — “A **polypharmacy review** removed four of the eleven prescriptions.”
* **clinical audit**: Checking real practice against an agreed standard. — “The **clinical audit** was completed and the loop was never closed.”

## Related

- Vocabulary library: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary
- Section guide: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/llms.txt