# Supply Chain Expert

https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/professional-specialized-c2-logistics-and-supply-chain-vocab

- CEFR: C2 (Proficient)
- Theme: Professional & Specialized
- Words: 22
- Premium: no
- Locked: no

Expert supply chain vocabulary for global logistics, including last-mile delivery, demurrage charges, intermodal transport and the bullwhip effect behind…

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## Word list

* **last mile**: The final stage of delivering a product from a distribution point to the customer's door. — “The **last mile** is often the most expensive part of delivery.”
* **demurrage**: A fee charged when a ship or container is not loaded, unloaded or returned within the agreed time. — “The importer paid **demurrage** because the container sat at the port too long.”
* **intermodal** /ˌɪntərˈmoʊdəl/: Describes freight transport that uses more than one method, such as ship, rail and truck, without unloading the goods between them. — “The container moved by **intermodal** transport from ship to train to truck.”
* **consolidation** /kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən/: Combining smaller shipments from different customers into one larger shipment to save cost. — “**Consolidation** let several small businesses share one container.”
* **lead time**: The gap between placing an order and receiving the goods. — “The supplier's **lead time** stretched to six weeks during the shortage.”
* **drayage**: The short-distance transport of goods, especially from a port to a nearby warehouse or rail yard. — “**Drayage** trucks moved containers from the dock to the rail yard.”
* **chargeback** /ˈtʃɑrdʒˌbæk/: A fee or cost passed back to a supplier or customer, often as a penalty for an error. — “The retailer issued a **chargeback** for the mislabelled shipment.”
* **detention** /dɪˈtɛnʃən/: A fee charged when a shipping container is kept by the customer longer than the free time allowed. — “The importer paid extra **detention** for holding the container over the weekend.”
* **vendor-managed inventory**: A system where the supplier decides when and how much to send, based on the customer's sales data. — “Under **vendor-managed inventory**, the supplier restocked shelves automatically each week.”
* **reverse logistics**: Managing the process of goods moving back from customers to a business, such as returns. — “The company improved its **reverse logistics** to process returns faster.”
* **bullwhip effect**: Small changes in demand causing huge swings further up the chain. — “The **bullwhip effect** turned a five per cent dip into a factory shutdown.”
* **postponement** /poʊstˈpoʊnmənt/: Delaying final assembly until the order is known. — “**Postponement** cut the finished stock by two thirds.”
* **nearshoring**: Moving production to a country closer to the market. — “**Nearshoring** cost more per unit and saved the delivery promise.”
* **dual sourcing**: Buying the same item from two suppliers to reduce risk. — “**Dual sourcing** looked wasteful until one factory flooded.”
* **economic order quantity**: The order size that makes total costs lowest. — “Nobody had recalculated the **economic order quantity** since 2009.”
* **perfect order rate**: The share of orders delivered complete, on time and undamaged. — “A **perfect order rate** of ninety-two per cent hides a great deal.”
* **chain of custody**: The documented record of who handled something and when. — “The **chain of custody** broke at the third warehouse.”
* **resilience buffer**: Extra stock or capacity held to absorb disruption. — “The **resilience buffer** was cut in March and missed in September.”
* **gray market**: Goods sold through channels the maker did not authorise. — “The **gray market** was supplied from their own overstock.”
* **drop shipping**: Selling goods that the supplier sends direct to the customer. — “**Drop shipping** removes the warehouse and most of the control.”
* **cabotage** /ˈkæbətɪdʒ/: The carrying of goods between two points in the same country by a foreign carrier. — “**Cabotage** rules decided which lorry could take the return load.”
* **total landed cost**: Everything paid to get a product to its final destination. — “**Total landed cost** made the cheaper supplier the expensive one.”

## Related

- Vocabulary library: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary
- Section guide: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/llms.txt