# Construction Advanced

https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/professional-specialized-c1-construction-and-architecture-vocab

- CEFR: C1 (Advanced)
- Theme: Professional & Specialized
- Words: 20
- Premium: no
- Locked: no

Advanced construction vocabulary for design and regulation, including a cantilever, a building's elevation, planning permission and the building code that a…

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## Word list

* **cantilever**: A beam or structure that sticks out from a wall and is supported at only one end. — “The balcony is a **cantilever** with no visible supports underneath.”
* **elevation** /ˌɛləˈveɪʃən/: A drawing that shows one side, or face, of a building as it would appear from outside. — “The architect presented the front **elevation** of the new library.”
* **balustrade**: A row of small posts topped with a rail, used along the edge of a staircase or balcony. — “Marble **balustrades** line the grand staircase.”
* **retrofit** /ˈrɛtroʊˌfɪt/: To add new equipment or features to an older building to improve it, especially for safety or efficiency. — “The council plans to **retrofit** older homes with better insulation.”
* **building code**: A set of official rules that new buildings must follow for safety and quality. — “The extension failed to meet the local **building code**.”
* **planning permission**: Official approval from a local authority that is needed before building work can begin. — “They were refused **planning permission** to build a second floor.”
* **demolition** /ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən/: The act of deliberately pulling down or destroying a building. — “**Demolition** of the old factory starts next month.”
* **cornice**: A decorative strip of moulding that runs along the top of a wall or ceiling. — “Fine plaster **cornice** ran around the edge of the ceiling.”
* **lintel** /ˈlɪntəl/: A horizontal beam placed over a door or window to support the wall above. — “A stone **lintel** spanned the width of the old doorway.”
* **variance** /ˈvɛriəns/: Formal approval to break one normal building rule for a single project. — “The developer applied for a **variance** to build above the height limit.”
* **massing** /ˈmæsɪŋ/: The overall shape and bulk of a building. — “The **massing** was cut by a storey after the objections.”
* **thermal bridge**: A path where heat escapes through a break in insulation. — “One **thermal bridge** at the balcony undid the whole specification.”
* **value engineering**: Cutting the cost of a design without losing its function. — “**Value engineering** removed the atrium and most of the point.”
* **procurement route**: The chosen way of appointing and paying a contractor. — “The **procurement route** decided who carried the risk.”
* **defects liability period**: The time after handover when the builder must fix faults. — “The **defects liability period** expired eleven days before the leak.”
* **retention** /riˈtɛnʃən/: Money held back until work is proved satisfactory. — “The **retention** was never released and never chased.”
* **building envelope**: The outer shell separating inside from outside. — “Half the budget went on the **building envelope** alone.”
* **permitted development**: Building work allowed without applying for permission. — “It fell within **permitted development** by about nine inches.”
* **conservation area**: A district where buildings are protected from unsympathetic change. — “In a **conservation area** even the window frames need approval.”
* **as-built drawings**: Drawings updated to show what was actually constructed. — “The **as-built drawings** and the building agreed on almost nothing.”

## Related

- Vocabulary library: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary
- Section guide: https://hienglishquiz.com/vocabulary/llms.txt